India’s bioeconomy has grown at one of the quickest rates in the world over the last ten years, from $10 billion in 2014 to $165.7 billion in 2024.

Driven by developments in biotechnology, agricultural innovation, biomanufacturing, and healthcare, the bioeconomy is progressively emerging as a pillar of India’s sustainable growth and innovation, with an ambitious target of $300 billion by 2030.

According to government statistics, the four main subsectors of the nation’s bioeconomy are BioIndustrial (47 percent), BioPharma (35 percent), BioAgri (8 percent), and BioResearch (9 percent).

One of India’s major biotech accomplishments in 2025 was solidifying its standing as a leading vaccine producer. With the exception of Covid-19 vaccines, the Serum Institute of India’s market share increased from 19% in 2021 to 24% in 2024, according to the WHO Global Vaccine Market Report.

Increased manufacture of the measles-rubella (MR), tetanus-diphtheria (Td), and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) was the main cause of this.

Over 80% of vaccinations are supplied by 10 producers, making the global vaccine market extremely concentrated. Three of these are from India: Biological E, Bharat Biotech, and Serum Institute. 40% of the WHO’s vaccine purchases were from Indian companies, and a significant portion of those purchases were used domestically.

The WHO African Region received over 20% of India’s vaccine exports.

Additionally, five years ahead of schedule, India achieved 20% ethanol blending (E20) in gasoline in 2025. This represents the nation’s progress in creating a sustainable bio-economy and represents a sharp increase from 1.5% in 2014.

Numerous bio-economy benefits have been brought about by the program, such as increased earnings for farmers who earned Rs 1,21,000 crore for ethanol feedstock between the Ethanol Supply Year (ESY) 2014–15 and June 2025, the elimination of sugarcane arrears, and an improvement in the viability of maize production.

It is anticipated that at 20% blending, farmers will receive payments of Rs 40,000 crore this year alone, while approximately Rs 43,000 crore will be saved in foreign exchange.

By replacing 245 lakh metric tons of crude oil and saving Rs 1,44,087 crore in foreign exchange until July 2025, ethanol blending greatly improved energy security.

This accomplishment highlights how ethanol blending helps to integrate sustainability, agriculture, and energy, supporting India’s bioeconomy.

On August 24, 2024, the Department of Biotechnology’s (DBT) proposal for India’s first biotechnology policy, the BioE3 Policy (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment and Employment), was approved by the Union Cabinet. The policy establishes the foundation for the Biomanufacturing and Biofoundry Initiative and concentrates on promoting high-performance biomanufacturing.

By switching from consumptive to regenerative and sustainable manufacturing methods, this project seeks to advance green growth.

By encouraging sustainable activities and lowering greenhouse gas emissions, the bioeconomy offers a great chance to slow down global warming. It promotes balanced diets, carbon storage in agriculture, better farming practices, and forest restoration.

In addition, it promotes recycling, lessens food waste, uses bioenergy, and promotes environmentally friendly industrial operations. The bioeconomy promotes sustainability and resource efficiency while reducing emissions by combining both strategies.